When discussing bias in relation to diodes and circuitry, one is referring to the establishment of current sets or voltages at various points of an electronic circuit for the means of promoting specific operating conditions for a component. With a standard diode, current may only flow in a single direction, meaning that forward bias will permit flow in a forward direction while reverse bias will impede voltage. With Zener diodes, on the other hand, reverse voltage is impeded until a specific threshold is met, at which point conduction will begin in the reverse direction. To help you better understand the Zener diode and how it differs from standard types, we will discuss its functionality and how it affects the general operations of a circuit.


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Typically utilized for internal combustion engines, starter motors are an essential mechanism that functions to get an engine up and running. Due to the way energy is created within a combustion engine, engaging any pistons within the power unit requires the use of a starter motor. Generating movement through the use of inertia produced by components allowing the engine to intake air, starter motors can be found in electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic types. In detail, we will go over how a starter motor functions and why they are employed within vehicles.


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Cylinder heads and their parts are items that function together to form a structurally reliable unit fit for fuel combustion and heat applications. Commonly constructed with a head gasket, intake & exhaust ports, cylinder head valves, combustion chambers, fuel injectors, camshafts, spark plugs, and various smaller components, cylinder head assemblies are what gives an engine life. Within this blog, we will go into detail about the major parts within a cylinder head and how they are constructed to power internal combustion engines.


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A centrifugal pump is a common component of fluid transportation applications, and such devices move fluids through the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to hydrodynamic energy. With the use of an engine or electrical motor, the rotational energy needed for the pump’s operations can be supplied for accelerating fluids so that they flow radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber. While centrifugal pump parts commonly serve many pumping applications due to their high flow rate capabilities, their performance can be negatively affected by axial thrust.


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The brake system is the primary safety feature of any automobile. As such, it is crucial that you pay attention to its performance to ensure you can rely on your brakes to function properly. To give you a better understanding of your car’s braking system, this blog will cover its main components and their role within the system.


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A generator is a rotating electrical unit used to create power. Depending on its design, a generator can produce direct current (DC), alternating current (AC), or both. Their versatility and power make them a crucial part of many advanced systems, such as modern robotics. To carry out its function, there are many components that make up a generator. In this blog, we will discuss the most important parts of a generator.


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Bleed air, the compressed air that originates from the compressor section of a turbine or auxiliary power unit, is a critical component of jet engine functionality. Gas turbine engineers use bleed air in many different ways throughout an aircraft to improve its efficiency. In fact, the successful distribution of bleed air is vital to the operation of an aircraft. To do this, air bleed valves have a critical role. Because bleed air valves have to be reliable even at extreme temperatures and in dry conditions, they are primarily made from carbon graphite. This material is a popular choice due to its ability to lubricate rubbing components.


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Turbo generators are devices which can utilize the mechanical energy of a fluid to generate electricity. To achieve this, a turbine assembly is attached to a generator, allowing for a number of applications to benefit from high amounts of power. Depending on the application that a turbine assembly is used for, water, wind, and even hot gases may be harnessed by a series of blades to drive a connected generator and benefit hydropower plants, thermal power plants, gas turbines, wind turbines, and more.


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For a fuel powered aircraft to perform optimally and achieve heavier-than-air flight, they require an advanced fuel system that is capable of storing, transporting, and combusting fuel efficiently. While many aircraft may vary in their general appearance, functionality, and application, most contain similar parts and systems that enable proper fuel consumption for flight. To best understand how the fuel system works for operating and caring for an aircraft, it is most beneficial to be aware of the most common components that make them up.


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A bypass rotameter refers to a system that is made for measuring accurate data regarding the fluid rate of flow in pipelines. Normally it is used to measure larger pipes including those that are eleven and a half inches in diameter or larger. This can be done with a decent bypass flow that is directly proportional to the main flow. Also known as an inference type rotameter is useful because of its accuracy and durability. For a more detailed look at what a bypass rotameter is and what it does, read the article below.


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